![]() Anderson in 1979, using pattern recognition and centered on light and the conservation laws, Resonance Theory demonstrated that space was not empty, had well-understood physical characteristics, and that the laws of physics derived directly from the physical properties of space. In this sense, it both pre-dated and went beyond string theory in suggesting that particles are resonant vibrations of space itself. He also serves on the Advisory Boards of the California Institute of Telecommunications and IT (Calit2) at UC San Diego and of the Institute for Data-intensive Research in Astrophysics & Cosmology (DiRAC) at the University of Washington.Īnderson spoke with Asia Times on the phone and sent us comments, including some of his previous writings, by email. He and the firm were recently awarded the Alexandra J Noble Award for Scientific Discovery, and Pattern Computer has been called “the best machine learning company on the planet” by Lawrence Berkeley National Labs. ![]() Mark R Anderson, an independent American scientist and creator of Resonance Theory, has different ideas.Īnderson is co-founder, chairman and CEO of Pattern Computer. Subsequent measurements based on Lemaitre’s and Hubble’s work eventually put the age of the universe at 13.8 billion years (the figure that part 1 of this essay quoted current NASA Administrator Bill Nelson as affirming).Ĭontroversial at first (Einstein disagreed with Lemaitre), Big Bang theory eventually became a widely held, almost consensus view of how the universe was formed. Belgian physicist and astronomer Georges Lemaitre in 1927 called this point the “primeval atom.” The “red shift” is key to the theory of the Big Bang, which posits that our universe originated in a huge explosion from a single point. Right: Milton Humason, who worked with him on developing Hubble’s Law. Most astronomers believe that Hubble’s Law does, however, hold true for a large range of distances in the universe. If the theory is not correct, the distances determined in this way are all nonsense. Note that this method of determining distances is based on observation (the shift in the spectrum) and on a theory (Hubble’s Law). Putting this velocity into the Hubble equation, they determine the distance. By taking the spectrum of a distant object, such as a galaxy, astronomers can see a shift in the lines of its spectrum and from this shift determine its velocity. Velocity is measurable thanks to the Doppler shift. So to determine an object’s distance, we only need to know its velocity. The velocity of a galaxy could be expressed mathematically as v = H x d, where v is the galaxy’s radial outward velocity, d is the galaxy’s distance from Earth, and H is the constant of proportionality called the Hubble constant… Hence, the farther a galaxy, the faster it is receding from Earth… This red shift appeared to be larger for faint, presumably farther, galaxies. This phenomenon was observed as a red shift of a galaxy’s spectrum. In fact, he found that the universe was expanding – with all of the galaxies moving away from each other. In 1929, Edwin Hubble announced that almost all galaxies appeared to be moving away from us. As noted in “ Red shift and Hubble’s law,” published on the NASA Starchild educational site: The Hubble telescope is named for American astronomer Edwin Hubble. Thus observations of these distant objects (like the first galaxies formed in the Universe, for example) require an infrared telescope.” Big Bang and Hubble In particular, more distant objects are more highly red-shifted, and their light is pushed from the UV and optical into the near-infrared. It is, says NASA, the “scientific successor” to the Hubble Space Telescope: “Hubble’s science pushed us to look to longer wavelengths to ‘go beyond’ what Hubble has already done. This second and concluding installment considers the theories attempting to explain what we are seeing in those images.Īs lauded by NASA, the telescope represents “a giant leap forward in our quest to understand the Universe and our origins.” The Webb “will examine every phase of cosmic history: from the first luminous glows after the Big Bang to the formation of galaxies, stars, and planets to the evolution of our own solar system.” Part 1 of this essay described the science, technology and history behind the fantastic images delivered by the James Webb Space Telescope.
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